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Why Renewable Energy Presentation Transcript:1.Introduction
2.Outline Why Renewable Energy?The Science of PhotovoltaicSystem ConfigurationsPrinciple Design Elements Energy EfficiencySolar laboratories visit (walking tour)
3.What’s wrong with this picture? Pollution from burning fossil fuels leads to an increase in greenhouse gases, acid rain, and the degradation of public health.
4.The world’s current energy system is built around fossil fuelsProblems:Fossil fuel reserves are ultimately finiteTwo-thirds of the world' s proven oil reserves are locating in the Middle-East and North Africa (which can lead to political and economic instability)5.Projection of Long term World Energy SuppliesIssues of availability and security
6.Pakistan’s Energy Demand Projections
7.Why Sustainable Energy MattersDetrimental environmental impactsExtraction (mining operations)CombustionGlobal warming (could lead to significant changes in the world' s climate system, leading to a rise in sea level and disruption of agriculture and ecosystems)
8.Making the Change to Renewable Energy Solar Wind HydroelectricGeothermal
9.Today’s Solar Picture10.Solar Energy Potential in Pakistan11.All Pakistan, especially Baluchistan, Sindh and Southern Punjab, receives abundant Solar radiation about 3000hours/year. This is on the highest side of global averages. Exploitable potential of Solar energy at country level is of the order of 100,000MW. Some remote villages have been electrified by off-grid solar installations.
12.Development status of Grid-Connected Solar Power ProjectsAEDB and NTDC are developing Energy Purchase Agreement for Solar Power Projects.NTDC, through its Grid Code Review Panel, is bringing modifications of existing Grid Code for grid integration of Solar Power Projects2Nos. IPPs have got issued LOIs from AEDB for installation of Solar Power Projects.
13.Punjab Government, with co-operation of Government of Japan, is installing a 2MW PV Solar Power Project at Bahawal pur city at fast track basis.M/s Akhtar Solar, a private company, has started assembling PV Solar panels at their factory near Islamabad.
14.Overhaul required in top-down mannerStep 1 (Policy)Change the way progress is measuredProgress will not be measured by projects initiated Progress will be measured in terms of number of megawatts of energy produced
15.Step 2 (Policy)Identify a VisionProduce at least 5% of the total electricity generating capacity of the country (i.e. 9,700 MW) by alternative energy sources by the year 2030 [Vision 2030, 85]; ANDUse renewable energies to decrease pollution and help improve social and economical lives of ruralpopulation
Source: Power Point Presentations
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Renewable Energy in Palestine Presentation Transcript:1.Energy Situation in PalestinePalestine is considered one of the poorest countries in terms of energy resources. Energy resources are either dwindling or non-existent.- Indigenous energy resources are almost limited to solar energy for photovoltaic and thermal applications (mainly for water heating), and biomass (wood and agricultural waste) for cooking and heating in rural areas.
2.Palestine Energy ResourcesFossil Fuels and Gas 51%Electricity 31%Renewable Energy (thermal) 18%
3.Electricity Situation in PalestineElectrical Energy represent (31%) of total energy consumed.- Fully dependent on the IEC (89%).- 99% of population benefit from electricity.- High growth of electricity consumption 7%- High tariff imposed from the IEC compared with neighbor countriesHigh rate of electricity losses (26%)
4.Renewable Energy in PalestineThe estimated exploitation of renewable resources (thermal) is about 18% of the total current energy consumption in Palestine, which represents 2287 GWh (of the power produced) which will be used in particular in heating and thus, the dependence on renewable energy will reach 25% of the power produced by the year 2020.
5.The Overall strategy for Renewable Energy in PalestineThe Palestinian Energy Authority has prepared a strategy for renewable energy as an important part of the resources matrix, where Palestine needs clean and more secure supply of electrical power. The Palestinian Energy Authority has developed a clear goal for the year 2020 is as follows:To attain 240 GWh gradually (at least) to generate electricity from different renewable resources which is equivalent to 10% of the power that will be produced locally by 2020, according to the strategic plan of the energy sector.
6.Photovoltaic Project in JerichoThe project is located in Jericho city to supply about 130 houses with electricity, the project is located on a ground with area with 13,000 meter square, including 5000 meter square as extra space to expand the project in the future by increasing the panels, thus increasing the capacity of the station up to 600 kW in the future.
7.Photovoltaic SystemPhotovoltaic (PV), often called solar cells, are semiconductor devices that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Groups of PV cells are electrically configured into modules and arrays, which can be used to charge batteries, operate motors, and to power any number of electrical loads. With the appropriate power conversion equipment, PV systems can produce alternating current (AC) compatible with any conventional appliances, and operate in parallel with and interconnected to the utility grid.
8.Photovoltaic System Process
9.On Line Diagram for Jericho Project
10.Jericho Projectcurrent Project Capacity : 300 KwDaily Electricity Generation : 1200 kWhYearly Electricity Generation : 422,000 kWh
11.Jericho ProjectThe amount of Carbon Dioxide (Co2 )Saved290.6 Ton/year
12.Photovoltaic Module
13.Jericho Project ComponentsInverter
14.Wiring and InstallationProtection of the SystemMonitor Display
15.Monitor Room
Source: Power Point Presentations
Presentation On Introduction To Renewable EnergyDownload
Introduction To Renewable Energy Presentation Transcript:1.Renewable Energy
2.Present Energy ResourcesFossil fuels - coal, oil, gas are all of limited amounts. Cant be replaced.Nuclear fuels -limited amounts of uranium for nuclear fission reactors but reprocessing of fuel possible.Difficult to estimate how long these fuels will last - but is it sustainable economically or environmentally?
3.Renewable EnergyWhat is renewable energy?What forms does it take?Why is it needed?Targets exist for renewable energy to generate 10% of electricity by 2010 and 20% by 2020!Can these be achieved?What forms of renewable energy will deliver these targets?
4.Forms of Renewable EnergyAll sources of energy ultimately come from the sun.This is particularly obvious in the case of renewable energies.
5.Solar cellsconvert light into a small electrical output -milliwatts output.need a bank/array of cells for useful output.cost of cells is high but reducing.efficiency of cells is up to 23%/ improving.
6.Solar Panelsare situated on roof of building.absorb heat in the form of radiation from sun.basically system is like a domestic central heating radiator painted black/insulated.provides “topping up” of domestic hot water.
7.Solar Roof tiles (Solar Grants now available)
8.Wind Turbines
9.WindpowerEach windturbine can produce between 1/4 and 2 MW of electrical power.Windfarm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed.Advantages?Disadvantages?
10.Offshore Wind Turbines
11.Offshore Wind Cluster FeaturesLarger average wind speed than onshoreEasier planning consentTechnical expertise exists from oil rig experienceSuitable location
12.Tidal PowerLocated at some coastal sites - usually estuaries and bays with large tidal range.Shape of coastal site above and below sea level determines range eg Bay of Funday, Severn. At high tide reservoir of water is created which is allowed to ebb through turbines located in dam.Expensive construction.
13.Biomass Plant in FifePlant burns poultry litter and produces 10MW of electricity and fertiliserFluidised bed boiler ensures efficient burning and low emissions
14.ConclusionsMajor difficulties in attaining target of 10% of electricity generated by renewables by 2010Main contributors to this target will be :-Offshore and Onshore windfarms/clustersBiomass/wood, straw, etcPhotovoltaicBut policies like Climate Change Levy and the Renewables Obligation will help establish renewables.
15.Relevant Websiteswww.dti.gov.uk/industries_energy (for energy statistics, indicators, new and renewable energy) www.cabinet -office.gov.uk/innovation/2000/energy/energyscope.shtmlwww.offshorewindfarms.co.ukwww.britishwindenergy.co.uk www.bwea.comwww.energy-efficiency.gov.ukwww.guardian.co.uk/renewables
Source: Power Point Presentations
